&nbsp; --- # Open Source Software and Future Challenges ###### Maria Alandes Pradillo, CERN IT Department ##### Honours Programme Delft - July 2019 --- # Overview * Open Source Software (or better FOSS) * Open Source at CERN * The MALT Project * MS Project MALT Experience * What´s next? --- # Open Source Software --- ### What is Open Source Software?  Computer software in which source code is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to study, change, and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose --- ### Open Source Initiative and Free Software Foundation definitions   Let's call it Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) --- ### FOSS vs Propietary   --- ### A bit of History ...  --- ### Examples of FOSS and Proprietary Software  --- ### FOSS Advantages  * Increases software quality (peer-reviewed) * Reduces development and maintenance costs for the individual users * Avoids vendor lock-in * Facilitates rapid evolution of the software * Encourages reuse of software * Develops lucrative consulting, training and support services offering --- ### FOSS Business  * Support Services * Custom Development * Dual License * Proprietary Plugin * SaaS Model * Advertising * Donations * Public funding * Subscription --- ### FOSS as a Strategy  --- ### FOSS in the Enterprise  <font size="4">Source: https://www.redhat.com/en/enterprise-open-source-report/2019</font> --- ### FOSS Deals  --- # Open Source at CERN --- #### First CERN FOSS License  * 30 April 1993: CERN releases first version of the WWW Software in the "Public Domain" * 15th November 1994: CERN releases version 3 of the WWW Software under CERN Open source license. * July 1995: MIT releases version 3.1 of the WWW software under MIT Open source license. <font size="4">Source: https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web/licensing-web</font> --- ### Licenses for FOSS developed at CERN  * Default License is a copyleft licence: * GNU General Public License version 3 * In some cases: * GNU Lesser General Public License version 3 * Apache License version 2.0 --- ### FOSS at CERN  --- ### How much FOSS at CERN?  * Difficult to calculate! * Not all SW in Windows and MAC machines at CERN is Propietary (but probably most of it is!) * Not all SW in Linux machines at CERN is FOSS (but probably most of it is!) --- ### Not only Software  --- # The MALT Project --- ### MALT Project's Objectives  * Mitigate anticipated software license fee increases * Investigate the migration from commercial software products towards other solutions * with special focus on evaluating FOSS alternatives * Minimise CERN’s exposure to the risks of unsustainable commercial conditions --- ### The Challenge to Introduce Change  * Deliver the same service to every category of CERN personnel * Avoid vendor lock-in to decrease risk and dependency * Keep hands on the data * Address the common use-cases --- ### The Challenge to Deal with Diversity  * Large international and multicultural workforce * Different working cultures * Different manpower and timing constraints * Different needs and level of expertise * Different desktop platforms: Linux, Windows and Mac --- # MS Project MALT Experience --- ### Evaluation   * Survey Sent to 1519 users (Not only MS Project users!) * 303 replies * Confidence level: 95 % * Margin of error: 5 --- ### Strategy  --- ### Alternatives  All alternatives allow for collaboration in a multiplatform environment --- # What's next? --- ### Next Steps for MALT  * Continue evaluations of alternative solutions * * Core services * * Other applications * Launch Mail Service Pilot * Launch Softphone Telephony Pilot --- ### General Data Protection Regulation  * Rules about how personal data can be stored, what it can be used for, who can see it and how long it can be kept * Advantages of deploying open source software * More control of data * Full understanding of data manipulation in the system * Ability to adapt a system to comply with data privacy policies ---  --- ## Some definitions... <font size="4"> <ul> <li><b>Copyright</b>: is a law that gives the owner of a work (like a book, movie, picture, song or website) the right to say how other people can use it.</li> <li><b>Software License</b>: is a law that says how to use and redistribute software.</li> <li><b>Copyright license</b>: is simply a declaration of permissions on something that otherwise would be disallowed by default under copyright law.</li> <li><b>Copyleft</b>: is a license that allows derivative works but requires them to use the same license as the original work. This is to avoid open source software appropriation.</li> <li><b>Permissive open source license</b>: non-copyleft license. A license that guarantees the freedoms to use, modify, and redistribute, but that permits proprietary derivative works.</li> <li><b>"Public domain"</b>: is a technical term in copyright law that refers to works not under copyright.</li> <li><b>Contributor License Agreement (CLA)</b>: the original contributor retains copyright ownership of their contributions, but grants the project a broad set of rights such that the project can incorporate and distribute the contributions as it needs to.</li> <li><b>Copyright Assignment Agreement (CAA)</b>: the contributor actually transfers copyright ownership of the contributions to the project, who can then license it however they want since they own it (but a CAA typically grants very broad non-exclusive rights back to the contributor so that they too can use, distribute, sublicense etc their contribution freely).</li> <li><b>End User License Agreement (EULA)</b>: </li> Legal contract between the manufacturer and/or the author and the end user of an application. </ul></font> ---